abstract：:The effects of oral exposure to 0, 5, and 25 mg/kg body wt vomitoxin (VT) on cytokine mRNA levels in spleen, Peyer's patches (PP), liver, kidney, and small intestine were evaluated in B6C3F1 mice at 2 and 4 hr postexposure using RT-PCR in conjunction with Southern hybridization analysis. The abundance of mRNAs for sev...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Azcona-Olivera JI,Ouyang Y,Murtha J,Chu FS,Pestka JJ

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of accumulated inorganic mercury deposits in the cortex of the calcarine sulcus of adult female Macaca fascicularis following long-term subclinical exposure to methyl-mercury (MeHg) and mercuric chloride (inorganic mercury-IHg) has been determined by autometallography. Four groups of monkeys were expo...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Charleston JS,Body RL,Mottet NK,Vahter ME,Burbacher TM

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:6-Hydroxy-trans,trans-2,4-hexadienal (CHO-M-OH) is a metabolite of trans,trans-muconaldehyde (muconaldehyde or MUC), a microsomal hematotoxic ring-opened metabolite of benzene. In the present study, the toxicity of CHO-M-OH was examined. In order to assess potential toxic effects of CHO-M-OH on the maturation of eryth...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Zhang Z,Schafer F,Schoenfeld H,Cooper K,Snyder R,Goldstein BD,Witz G

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metallothionein (MT), a high-affinity metal-binding protein, is known to detoxicate cadmium and may play an important role in cadmium carcinogenesis. In the rat, the ventral lobe of the prostate is sensitive to cadmium carcinogenesis, while the dorsolateral lobe is refractory. The possibility exists that the basis of ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Coogan TP,Shiraishi N,Waalkes MP

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A physiologically based model of lead absorption and disposition, previously developed and validated for adults, has been tested and calibrated for children. The model was modified to incorporate additional information on the age dependence of bone formation rate and to take into account increasing localization of bon...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： O'Flaherty EJ

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metoclopramide (MCA) and procainamide (PCA), two widely used benzamide drugs developed before the present regulatory climate but recently found to induce DNA breaks in human lymphocytes, were evaluated for their genotoxic effects in cultured rodent and human cells. In subtoxic concentrations neither MCA (from 0.10 to ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Martelli A,Campart GB,Canonero R,Mattioli F,Brambilla G

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Liver and kidney injury following acute or chronic exposure to cadmium is well characterized. While hepatocytes and endothelial cells of the sinusoids are thought to be the primary cellular targets in the liver, ultrastructural changes may vary depending upon the exposure regimen and the time following administration....

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kayama F,Yoshida T,Elwell MR,Luster MI

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ethyl carbamate (EC) is bioactivated by CYP2E1 through vinyl carbamate to its epoxide, a reactive electrophile. This carcinogen reacts with macromolecules, including hemoglobin (Hb). This report defines a method to examine levels of N-(2-oxoethyl) adduct on the N-terminal valine of Hb after EC treatment at carcinogeni...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Cai J,Myers SR,Hurst HE

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metallothioneins (MTs) are ubiquitous low-molecular-weight proteins that are induced by a variety of inducers, including metals, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), cytokines, oxidative stress, etc., and are thought to play a protective role against various toxic insults. The constitutive level of metallothionein is an importa...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Choudhuri S,Kramer KK,Berman NE,Dalton TP,Andrews GK,Klaassen CD

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intravenous administration of drug-loaded polyalkylcyanoacrylate (PACA) nanoparticles is followed by a rapid uptake by the tissues of the reticuloendothelial system, mainly the liver. Nevertheless, it is so far unknown whether chronic administration of nanoparticles can lead to damage to the liver cells. We have studi...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Fernandez-Urrusuno R,Fattal E,Porquet D,Feger J,Couvreur P

更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1,1-Dichloroethene is used as intermediate in the manufacture of polymers. In male mice, 1,1-dichloroethene caused renal tumors after inhalation. Renal tumors were not observed in female mice or in both sexes of rats. We investigated the metabolic basis for the species- and sex-specific nephrotoxicity and tumorigenici...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Speerschneider P,Dekant W

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The influence of GSH concentration on metabolism of monocrotaline was examined in the isolated, perfused rat liver. Chloroethanol (0.37 mmol/kg), diethyl maleate (5.6 mmol/kg), and buthionine sulfoximine (72.9 mmol/kg) given in vivo reduced hepatic GSH from 3.7 mumol/g wet weight to 1.5, 0.6 and 0.9 mumol/g, respectiv...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Yan CC,Huxtable RJ

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The relative methemoglobin (MetHgb) forming ability of two metabolites of dapsone, dapsone hydroxylamine (DDS-NOH) and monoacetyldapsone hydroxylamine (MADDS-NOH), were compared in rat and human whole blood. Concentration-response curves for the two metabolites were generated in vitro in whole blood. Data were fit to ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Vage C,Saab N,Woster PM,Svensson CK

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The number of neurons, astrocytes, reactive glia, oligodendrocytes, endothelia, and pericytes in the cortex of the calcarine sulcus of adult female Macaca fascicularis following long-term subclinical exposure to methyl mercury (MeHg) and mercuric chloride (inorganic mercury; IHg) has been estimated by use of the optic...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Charleston JS,Bolender RP,Mottet NK,Body RL,Vahter ME,Burbacher TM

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A comparative study was undertaken in order to assess the hematotoxic effects of hydroquinone (HQ), 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), and doxorubicin (DX) on mouse and human bone marrow (BM) cells. Initial experiments indicated that the inhibitory effects of near-ambient pO2 and HQ on granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating fa...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Colinas RJ,Burkart PT,Lawrence DA

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously shown that ricin, a toxic lectin from the castor bean, increases cardiac output and blood flow to the heart in rabbits in the early stage of its intoxication and causes hemorrhage and necrosis in the heart following a lethal dose. To investigate possible alterations in coronary arteries following ri...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Zhang L,Hsu CH,Robinson CP

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a compartmental pharmacokinetic model for methyl mercury and its metabolite mercuric mercury in humans. A tracer dose of 203Hg-labeled methyl mercury was administered iv to seven healthy young adult male volunteers. Blood samples were obtained periodically and urine and feces were collected throughout the ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Smith JC,Allen PV,Turner MD,Most B,Fisher HL,Hall LL

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Partition coefficients (PCs) are chemical-specific parameters used in physiologically based pharmacokinetic models to describe chemical solubility in tissues. Tissue:air PCs for volatile chemicals can be estimated using vial equilibration techniques in which the chemical concentration in the vial headspace is measured...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Teo SK,Kedderis GL,Gargas ML

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepa 1c1c7 (WT), TAOc1BPrc1 (CI), and BPrc1 (CII) mouse hepatoma cells were exposed to benzo[e]pyrene (B[e]P) or benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). B[e]P induced activity of a rat CYP1A1 reporter gene construct (-3015 to +2545 bp) by 1.8- to 2-fold and 5-fold in WT and CI cells, respectively. B[e]P caused a 2-fold induction of a...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Sterling K,Raha A,Bresnick E

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immunosuppressive synthetic methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), has been shown to cause both an immediate and a sustained elevation of free intracellular calcium (Ca2+) in human T cells. In the present studies, a series of anthracene- and pyrene-based PAHs were ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Krieger JA,Born JL,Burchiel SW

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study is aimed at the development of a cell culture assay which may supplement or replace the animal Draize skin irritancy test. Using human keratinocytes, the measurement of proinflammatory eicosanoid and interleukin-1 alpha release and of the impairment of cell viability have provided a suitable in vitro/in viv...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Müller-Decker K,Fürstenberger G,Marks F

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhalation of ozone (O3) has been associated with development of inflammation in the respiratory airways and a variety of alterations in pulmonary function. Epithelial cells lining the airways are the first cells with which inhaled O3 comes into contact and thus represent a potential major target of acute O3 toxicity....

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wright DT,Adler KB,Akley NJ,Dailey LA,Friedman M

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of oxygen tension, insulin, and glucagon on the preservation and induction of cytochrome P450 isoenzyme activities and contents was investigated in rat hepatocytes cultured for 4 days on crude liver membrane fractions at 4 or 13% O2. At 13% O2, three out of six immunochemically analyzed P450 isoenzymes were s...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Saad B,Thomas H,Schawalder H,Waechter F,Maier P

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies with vinclozolin, a dicarboximide fungicide, demonstrate that perinatal exposure to 100 mg vinclozolin/kg/day from Gestational Day 14 through Postnatal Day 3 inhibits morphological sex differentiation. At 1 year, treated male rats exhibited hypospadias, cleft phallus, suprainguinal ectopic testes, a vag...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kelce WR,Monosson E,Gamcsik MP,Laws SC,Gray LE Jr

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Di-Calciphor is a synthetic derivative of prostaglandin B1 that protects against cerebral and cardiac ischemia apparently by preserving mitochondrial function. To determine whether di-Calciphor specifically protects against mitochondrial failure, we studied its effects on mitochondrial functions in hepatocytes treated...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Park Y,Devlin TM,Jones DP

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:L-Tryptophan binds to a rat liver nuclear envelope protein, and this binding is saturable, stereospecific, and of high affinity. Utilizing an in vitro assay of [3H]tryptophan binding to rat hepatic nuclear envelopes, we have previously determined that the L-tryptophan obtained from Showa Denko and which was implicated...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Sidransky H,Verney E,Cosgrove JW,Latham PS,Mayeno AN

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dietary 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) treatment has been shown to increase hepatic glutathione (GSH) content in rats and mice. Subsequent studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that hepatic gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) activity is increased in mice treated with dietary BHA. To test whether thi...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Borroz KI,Buetler TM,Eaton DL

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammatory responses are accompanied by increased expression of hepatocyte-derived proteins collectively known as acute phase reactants (APR). B6C3F1 female mice were exposed intraperitoneally every 24 hr to either vehicle (PBS) or DMN (5 mg/kg) for up to six exposures. Following a single treatment (acute), liver ti...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lockwood JF,Rutherford MS,Myers MJ,Schook LB

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model describing transfer of inhaled tetrachloroethylene (PCE) into breast milk with the consequent exposure of the nursing pups was developed and validated in lactating rats. The PBPK model was based on partition coefficients (PCs), which were determined by the equilibra...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Byczkowski JZ,Kinkead ER,Leahy HF,Randall GM,Fisher JW

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxic milk mutation is an autosomal recessive mutation found in an inbred C57BL/6J strain of mice which results in an excessive hepatic accumulation of copper (Cu), mostly associated with metallothionein (MT). The possible toxicological significance of elevated levels of hepatic copper-metallothionein (Cu-MT) was ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Stephenson GF,Chan HM,Cherian MG

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Catechol estrogens have been postulated to mediate estradiol-induced kidney tumorigenesis in Syrian hamsters. As part of an examination of this postulate, we studied the influence of quercetin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, on the incidence and severity of estrogen-induced kidney tumors, on the metabolic activation of est...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Zhu BT,Liehr JG

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While the effect that TCDD has on humoral immunity has been well documented for the mouse, it has not been for the rat. In this study, the effect that TCDD has on the antibody plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in adult female B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats was compared. The effect that TCDD...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Smialowicz RJ,Riddle MM,Williams WC,Diliberto JJ

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reversal of saxitoxin (STX; 10 micrograms/kg, ip) induced cardiorespiratory effects by oxygen ventilation and burro-raised alpha-STX antitoxin (60 mg/kg, i.v.) was studied in urethane-anesthetized guinea pigs acutely instrumented for concurrent monitoring of medullary respiratory-related single units, diaphragm EMG, L...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Benton BJ,Rivera VR,Hewetson JF,Chang FC

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bobwhite quail were exposed to 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) in a respirometer designed to continuously monitor exchange of O2 and CO2, from which metabolic rates (MR) were estimated. After 14-16 days of acclimation to the system (temperature 22 degrees C, light cycle 8L:14D), hens received feed amended with 0, 625, or 1250...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Dominguez SE,Menkel JL,Fairbrother A,Williams BA,Tanner RW

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metabolism of BHT (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) is requisite for its pneumotoxic activities. Previous evidence using microsomal preparations from livers and lungs of mice indicated that cytochrome P450-catalyzed hydroxylation of a tertbutyl group to form 6-tert-butyl-2-(hydroxy-tert-butyl)-4-methylphenol (BHTOH) ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Bolton JL,Thompson JA,Allentoff AJ,Miley FB,Malkinson AM

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A PB-PK model has been developed for nasal nonreactive vapor uptake in the F344 rat which incorporates nasal enzyme distribution as well as nasal airflow patterns. Nasal tissue is separated into respiratory and olfactory mucosal areas with each area containing mucus, epithelial, and submucosal compartments. Metabolic ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Morris JB,Hassett DN,Blanchard KT

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Triaryl phosphates including tricresyl phosphate (TCP) and butylated triphenyl phosphate (BTP) are organophosphates used in the commercial manufacture of plastics, lubricants, and hydraulic fluids. Rat steroidogenic tissues such as adrenocortical (AC), ovarian interstitial (OI), and Leydig cells use an intracellular p...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Latendresse JR,Azhar S,Brooks CL,Capen CC

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:3-Methylindole (3MI), a fermentation product of tryptophan produced by intestinal and ruminal microflora, has been shown to cause pneumotoxicity in several species subsequent to cytochrome P450-mediated biotransformation. Among several species studied, rabbits are comparatively resistant to 3MI-induced pneumotoxicity,...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Thornton-Manning JR,Nichols WK,Manning BW,Skiles GL,Yost GS

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tetrandrine, an herbal drug, has been employed in China to treat pulmonary fibrosis. To date, the mechanisms governing the antifibrotic action of tetrandrine are unknown. The present study employs a fibroblast mitogenic assay to determine whether tetrandrine directly inhibits the ability of fibroblasts to respond to s...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Reist RH,Dey RD,Durham JP,Rojanasakul Y,Castranova V

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this study is to elucidate the role of cytochrome P450 2E1 in the metabolic activation of acetaminophen (APAP) in mouse kidneys. With the kidney microsomes from C3H/HeJ mice, a significant sex-related difference was observed in the NADPH-dependent formation of a reactive APAP metabolite which was trap...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Hu JJ,Lee MJ,Vapiwala M,Reuhl K,Thomas PE,Yang CS

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00